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The 2019 incentives of the Conto Termico 2.0

The 2019 GSE thermal account, also called 2.0, replaces the previous version launched in 2012 and was designed to better exploit the incentives for interventions aimed at greater energy efficiency and the development of so-called thermal renewables. In the course of the article we will see how it works, what the incentive interventions are, the application rules, therefore the legislation in force, but also in which cases it is preferable to access the incentives of the thermal account 2.0 or the 65% tax breaks, the so-called Ecobonuses for energy saving interventions. For further information on Irpef deductions, we refer you to our guide to the 2019 Ecobonuses. In fact, but we will talk about it throughout the article, many interventions to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, such as replacing the old boiler with a new generation one condensation, they can enjoy both the incentives of the Thermal Account 2.0 and the tax deduction of the Ecobonuses, so it is important to understand how the discussion works to decide which is the best solution depending on everyone's needs. What is the GSE Thermal Account 2.0 The Thermal Account 2019 is a fund to incentivize the production of thermal energy and to support interventions aimed at improving the energy efficiency of buildings and homes. The fund is managed by GSE, which stands for Energy Services Manager. The latter is responsible for establishing which interventions are permitted, who can access the incentives, i.e. who is entitled to them and what the access methods are, naturally on the basis of the legislation (the law) decided by the legislator. Let's see a summary of the main characteristics of this energy efficiency fund. For public and private The 2019 Thermal Account provides economic bonuses equivalent to 65% of the expenditure incurred for improving the efficiency and energy saving of buildings and for the production of renewable energy, for Public Administrations and private entities, both businesses and residential nature. The GSE 2.0 Thermal Account was also designed for companies in the agricultural sector (greenhouses and similar), in order to reduce energy supply costs. What incentives The Thermal Account 2.0 2019 provides economic contributions for improving energy efficiency for the production of thermal energy from renewable sources. Availability of the fund The Italian State makes 900 million euros available per year. 200 of these are intended for public administrations, the other 700 finance the interventions of private entities, for example in the case of work at home to save energy. Timing The GSE reimburses 65% of the expenditure incurred for the interventions within 2 months of signing the agreement. How to access the Thermal Account 2.0 2019 Private individuals can submit requests for reimbursement of expenses at the end of the works, with the direct access method (which we will explain in detail later). Public Administrations can instead also take advantage of the so-called "booking" method, which gives the possibility of taking advantage of the incentives before starting the works. Disbursement of incentives As regards private individuals, in direct access mode the incentive is paid in a single payment, but up to a maximum of 5,000 euros. For PAs, however, in direct access mode the entire contribution corresponding to 65% of the expenditure incurred is paid immediately, while in "reservation" mode a deposit is paid upon start of work and the balance upon completion. The irrevocable mandate for collection In direct access you can decide to allocate the incentive of the 2019 Thermal Account 2.0 for energy saving and efficiency works directly to third parties. PAs can also do the same thing in "booking" mode. Cumulability The incentives of the Conte Energia Termico GSE can be cumulated with other non-state contributions, as far as private individuals are concerned. In the case of Public Administrations, the 2019 Thermal Account can be combined with other incentives even if the latter are always state-owned. What's new for 2019 But what exactly are the differences between the old version of the Thermal Energy Account introduced in 2012 and the one defined as 2.0? Let's see the summary of the news, throughout the article we will delve into the individual items. More subjects admitted The requirements for accessing the 2019 Conto Termico incentive bonus are expanded and now also include "in house" companies and inhabitants' cooperatives. In-house companies are public companies in corporate form. New energy efficiency interventions We will see the list later. It must be said that, even if there are quite a few interventions that give the right to the economic benefits provided by the fund for works that lead to energy savings, several of these are more suitable to take advantage of the tax deductions of the Ecobonuses than the incentives of the 2019 Thermal Account. System size The Thermal Account 2.0 has increased the maximum size of the systems that give the right to access the incentives. Streamlined procedure The direct access procedure for catalog devices has been simplified and speeded up, therefore less bureaucracy and shorter reimbursement times for expenses incurred. Higher installment Now the limit for disbursement of the incentive in a single installment is considerably higher, going from 600 to 5,000 euros. Reduced timing Also in this case a notable improvement. The payment times for the economic subsidy for energy efficiency are reduced to 2 months, compared to 6 in the previous version. Higher incentives The Thermal Energy Bill 2019 2.0 provides for a higher value of incentives compared to the previous version. nZEB buildings Up to 65% of the costs incurred for the so-called "Nearly Zero Energy Buildings", which produce all the energy they need from renewable sources. Thermal insulation and more The incentive reaches up to 40% if thermal insulation work is carried out on walls and roofs, but also if fixtures, especially windows, are replaced with new generation models specific for energy saving. Furthermore, solar shading, works to improve the efficiency of interior lighting, Building Automation technologies (automation of the functions of a building or home) and the installation of a condensing boiler are also reimbursed. However, attention must be paid to this last point. As we explained in the guide to 2019 condensing boiler deductions, the best path to follow to recover from the expense incurred for the installation of an appliance of this type is not that of the Thermal Account, but the 2019 Ecobonus, provided however that you install also a system for the thermoregulation of environments, such as thermostatic valves, otherwise the Irpef deduction drops from 65 to 50%. If combined they increase. In the event that the thermal insulation works are combined with the replacement or construction of another system (solar thermal, heat pumps or condensing boiler), the incentive granted by the GSE 2019 Thermal Account for insulation rises to 50 %. Systems and appliances The incentive bonus rises up to 65% of the expenditure incurred for the construction of solar thermal systems, heat pump systems (including hybrids), boilers and biomass appliances. We remind you that the new rules on the systems booklet are in force. Important sanctions are foreseen for violators in the event that irregularities are found following an inspection, so we recommend reading the in-depth article. Reimbursement for energy diagnosis and APE One of the most important innovations of the Thermal Energy Account 2.0 2019 is represented by the total reimbursement, therefore a 100% incentive, for the Energy Diagnosis of buildings and the Energy Performance Certificate, the so-called APE. All this, however, when we are talking about Public Administrations. For private individuals, inhabitants' cooperatives and social cooperatives, 50% of the expenditure incurred is reimbursed. How the Conto Termico 2.0 2019 works The GSE provides the incentives through annual installments for a duration of between 2 and 5 years. The duration of the reimbursement depends on the type and size of the interventions and systems. In the event that the amount does not exceed 5,000 euros, the incentive will be paid in a single solution. We are talking about private individuals, in fact the PAs and ESCOs that operate on their behalf can request the liquidation of the state contribution in a single solution even if the latter exceeds the threshold of 5,000 euros, if they have opted for direct access . The application rules On its website, the GSE publishes the so-called "application rules" every year, which establish the methods for accessing the incentives of the Conto Termico 2.0, aimed at encouraging interventions for better energy efficiency and for the production of thermal energy from renewable. Depending on the type of entity requesting the economic relief, therefore Public Administration, company or private individual, the following conditions are described: Procedure for accessing the incentives of the Conto Termico 2.0 GSE Compliance requirements (as per the Legislative Decree) How the incentives are calculated Method of delivery Who is entitled to the incentives of the 2019 Thermal Account Well, let's see who can take advantage of the state contribution bonus for those who carry out works that lead to better energy efficiency of buildings or homes, in practice who can access the incentives of the Account Thermal 2.0, and what the responsible party must do to obtain the contribution to the expenses incurred. Further on in the article we explain how the bureaucratic process works, what documents must be presented to the GSE and all the information necessary to complete the procedure for requesting incentives. Let's now see who the so-called "responsible subjects" are. Owner of the expense The person who directly incurred the expenses for the energy efficiency interventions for which he/she requests reimbursement. Submission of application to the GSE The responsible party can submit an application for recognition of incentives and is responsible for the truthfulness of the information relating to the compliance of his request with current regulations. Contract The responsible party is the one who physically signs the contract with the GSE and therefore receives the incentives of the Conto Termico 2.0 2019. Conservation of documents The responsible party is required to keep the documents indicated in the Ministerial Decree of 02/16/2016 for the entire duration of the incentive period and for the 5 years following the disbursement of the last amount. Control activities The possibility must be guaranteed for the GSE to carry out controls, even with direct inspection, aimed at verifying the conformity of the interventions for which the 2019 Conto Termico incentive bonus was requested. Can be cumulated with Irpef deductions As we said in the case of boilers condensation, the incentives of the GSE Thermal Energy Account 2019 cannot be combined with the Irpef tax breaks, the so-called Ecobonus 2019, or with other forms of state incentives (but only for private individuals). For those who want to know more: how the Irpef works, what the various deductible charges are, the so-called deductions, how the personal income tax is calculated, what the rates are, the brackets and who pays it. VAT and invoice One of the most frequently asked questions on the web is the following: are the Conto Termico 2.0 GSE incentives subject to VAT and withholding tax? and do I need to make an invoice? The answer is no. The expense bonus paid by the State for those who carry out works aimed at improving energy efficiency or the production of renewable energy has the nature of a contribution towards plants and is not subject to the 4% withholding tax (art. 28 of Presidential Decree 600/73). Furthermore, being devoid of the so-called "synallagmatic" element, it is to be considered outside the scope of VAT and therefore does not require the issuance of an invoice. Cost of the practice The responsible party, i.e. the person who requests the incentive, is required to pay a fee of 1% of the same (of the value of the state contribution received) to cover the expenses incurred by the GSE for the practice and all related activities, including technical-administrative checks, but with a maximum taxable amount of 150 euros. This fee is subject to VAT at the ordinary rate and is invoiced by the GSE. The interventions eligible for incentives Well, let's now move on to the list of interventions aimed at improving energy efficiency of buildings and homes which give the right to access the incentives of the 2019 Thermal Account. Public Administrations only Improvement of energy efficiency in existing buildings. Insulation (thermal insulation) walls and roofs. Replacement of fixtures. Efficiency of interior lighting. Transformation of buildings into nZEB (all the energy needed from renewable sources). Building Automation (automation of the functions of a building or property), home automation and district heating. Sunscreens. Replacement of existing air conditioning systems (for example with condensing boilers). Even for private individuals, small-sized systems for the production of thermal energy and energy saving interventions (replacements of LPG or methane boilers, for example, or new installations, thermostatic valves, stoves) are eligible for the Conto Termico 2.0 2019 incentive bonus. pellets and more). By private entities, the GSE means natural persons, condominiums, and individuals with business or agricultural income. Let's see a summary list of the interventions that entitle you to the available incentives (the links point to in-depth articles that we invite you to read if you are interested in learning more). Heat pumps Both for air conditioning and for the production of hot water for domestic use. Boilers, biomass fireplaces, pellet stoves and similar Hybrid heat pump systems Solar thermal and thermodynamic systems Even if they are combined with "solar cooling" technology, which allows the production of cold, therefore air conditioning in the summer months. In this regard, we invite you to read the article on Ohikia thermodynamic solar systems, a new technology that allows you to create energy as with normal photovoltaic systems, but by exploiting a thermodynamic solar system and some important innovations introduced by this interesting start- Italian up. Naturally, incentives in the form of Irpef deductions are also provided in this case. Solar thermal system for the production of hot water. Incentives or tax deduction? Another of the most frequently asked questions is whether the Thermal Account or the Ecobonus is more convenient. The best answer to this question is: it depends. The most debated topic is the one relating to the replacement of the old heating and hot water boiler with a new generation condensing machine. In fact, the application rules of the 2016 GSE Thermal Energy Account 2.0 do not provide for the possibility of taking advantage of the incentives for condensing boilers, but only for heat pump ones. This possibility is also foreseen for 2019, but the truth is that the State prefers to deduct "its" expenditure from the Irpef with a 10-year installment, rather than taking out the money directly with incentives. In fact, the bureaucratic process for the Thermal Account is much more complex than that for taking advantage of the Ecobonuses, so don't waste time. For replacing the boiler with a new condensing one, the right, but in many ways obligatory, choice is that of the Ecobonus tax deduction, which among other things is 65% if a thermoregulation system is installed at the same time. Thermal Energy Account 2019: access methods As we said at the beginning, there are two ways to access the incentive bonus promised by the new GSE Thermal Account 2.0. Let's see them. Direct access Direct access is also possible for private individuals, as well as for the Public Administration and provides a limit of 60 days from the end of the works for the submission of the application. For the installation of devices considered small in size (generators up to 35 kW and solar systems up to 50 m2) a simplified procedure is envisaged. Reservation The method reserved for Public Administrations and ESCOs (Energy Service Companies) that operate on their behalf. It provides for the payment of an advance on the cost of the works still to be carried out and the balance at the end of the interventions. To book the incentive, you can submit a quote application form. Access methods and application rules for private individuals As we said previously, in the case of private applicants the only method available to obtain the 2019 Thermal Account incentives is direct access, which requires completing the request within 2 months from the end of the works, the stipulation of a contract and a simplified process. What is meant by private entities Natural persons Condominiums Holders of business income or agricultural income Documentation for requesting incentives But what must be done to obtain the contribution promised by the Conto Termico 2.0 2019? We see. Application form and documents to be submitted to the GSE The methods of accessing the incentives provided by the Thermal Energy Account include filling out the so-called "application form" on the GSE website, the Energy Services Manager. Be careful not to make mistakes Compiling this document is a delicate and important matter. The applicant must inform the GSE, in detail and without errors, regarding the type of certain documents that the manager may then request, even in paper format. It is therefore very important not to make mistakes. There are checks and controls and they are very strict, as is right to avoid various scams and misappropriations, and the rules are very stringent. The list We summarize the documents that must necessarily be in possession of in order to request the incentives provided for by the 2019 Thermal Account and we also see how to prepare the invoice(s) that must be added to the documents for the request. Energy certification certificate Technical data sheets of the components and equipment installed Certification by a qualified technician (assertion) regarding the appropriate sizing of the heat generator Energy diagnosis (only if specifically provided for) Certification of environmental respect in relation to the levels of input into atmosphere (issued by the manufacturer) Invoice of expenses incurred The type of intervention that was carried out and for which the promised incentive is being requested must be specified in detail. If multiple incentivized works have been carried out, multiple invoices must be created, with separate payments for each document (although recently the possibility of providing a single invoice with the list of all interventions carried out has been proposed). The following data must be entered in the invoice: VAT number of the issuer Data of the person responsible for the Thermal Account (who bears the expenses) Tax code or VAT number of the responsible person If financial leasing has been used, the invoice must be made out to the leasing company (for which a copy of the contract must also be provided). If you want more detailed information on how to make an invoice for tax deductions we recommend the linked article, where we explain how this document works if you want to access incentives, tax breaks and various bonuses. We remind you that it is no longer necessary to include the cost of labor among the mandatory items, but that it is a good idea to list in detail all the work carried out. Bank transfer First of all, it should be noted that the payment for the works for which access to the Conto Termico 2.0 2019 is requested must be made using the ordinary bank transfer model, unlike what happens for the request for tax deductions for energy saving and renovations, where specific bank transfer models must be used. The following information must be entered in the reason for payment: Reference to the Ministerial Decree 28/12/2012 Reference to the invoice number (with date of the same) VAT number/tax code of the recipient of the payment and of the responsible party In the event that the invoice has not been issued at the time of payment, you can enter the order number in the transfer reason. However, the copy and the bank transfer with the corresponding order number must subsequently be sent to the GSE. Timing The request to access the 2019 Thermal Account incentives must be submitted within 60 days of the completion of the works. The deadlines must be respected in any case, otherwise no refund will be possible for the work carried out. As regards the promised refund: the law establishes that it must be received within 30 days from the end of the two-month period in which the application was submitted.

The Court of Cassation: "A private individual can install cameras on the road" It is enough to warn with appropriate signs: no crime is committed because the need for safety prevails

Green light for cameras installed by private individuals on the external perimeter walls of buildings and individual homes and aimed at filming what happens in the public street. As the Court of Cassation underlines in a ruling, citizens who position them to protect the safety of their assets do not commit any crime against other people. To be in compliance, it is enough that special signs warn of the presence of the video recording system.
The supreme judges have in fact acquitted, with the formula "because the fact does not exist", two owners of several apartments in a building in Chieti, sentenced to six months of imprisonment for "private violence", who had installed "remote-controlled articulated cameras for recording visual and sound oriented towards zones and areas open to public transit". "Big Brother" had aroused protests from the neighborhood who felt unduly controlled. But according to the High Court, the nuisance is minimal and is well balanced with the need for safety. 13 MAY 2019

Geophone tool for searching for underground leaks

- SEARCH FOR LEAKS AND LEAKAGES: we identify the exact location of underground metal pipes at any depth, regardless of their diameter, and detect the exact point of underground or wall fluid leaks. hot and cold water pipes, gas pipes, heating systems heating, fire prevention systems, swimming pools, water lines, fluids in general and much more.

How to protect yourself from overvoltages Regulatory Editorial Staff, SafetyPhysical phenomena of an electromagnetic nature generate a sudden and sudden increase in the peak values of network voltages, well above the nominal parameters, causing phenomena known as overvoltages, the main cause of failure of electronic devices and of interruption of production activities. Classification of overvoltages Overvoltages are classified based on the frequency, the peak value and the type of disturbance they cause on the network: overvoltages of a temporary nature, also called TOV (Temporary Over Voltage). These are not overvoltages of an impulsive nature as their duration tends to extend over time for relatively long periods and are generally caused by faults of a plant nature with a significant impact. As a consequence of these phenomena, the SPDs must pass the TOV withstand tests required by the Product Standard and with the aim of ensuring that the SPDs themselves are not damaged when subjected to long exposures to these overvoltages; overvoltages of a transient nature: medium frequency phenomena , of an oscillatory nature and damped over time lasting a few microseconds. They are generally caused by the inertial characteristics of the mechanical parts of the switching drives during normal switching operations; overvoltages of an impulsive nature: phenomena caused by lightning. Atmospheric overvoltages can cause significant damage to things and people and it is essential, during the design phase of new buildings, to identify the appropriate protections to be adopted to reduce the damage to a minimum. How to design a protection system? To design a adequate protection it is necessary to follow the risk analysis algorithm, described in the CEI EN 62305: 2013 (CEI 81-10) standard. This analysis allows you to identify what level of exposure the building in question is subject to and can highlight the following sources and types of damage to structures. S1 – lightning to the structure, immediate mechanical damage, fire and/or explosion due to the incandescent plasma of the channel itself, or to the heating of the conductors connected with the flow of current (unacceptable overtemperature), or to the charge transported by the arc (melting of the metal); fire and/or explosion caused by discharges due to overvoltages resulting from resistive and inductive couplings and from the flow of part of the lightning current; damage to living beings due to electrocution due to step voltages and contact; failures or malfunctions of internal systems due to LEMP (Lightning electromagnetic impulse); S2 - lightning near the structure failures or malfunctions of internal systems due to LEMP; S3 - lightning on lines entering the structure fire and/or explosion due to overvoltages and lightning currents transmitted via the incoming line; damage to living beings due to electrocution due to contact voltages within the structure; failures or malfunctions of internal systems due to overvoltages which are localized on the incoming lines and which are transmitted to the structure; S4 – lightning near the lines entering the structure; failures or malfunctions of the internal systems due to overvoltages induced in the lines entering and transmitted to the structure. Lightning can cause three main types of damage: D1: damage to living beings by electrocution; D2: material damage (fire, explosion, mechanical destruction) due to the effects of the lightning current; D3: failures of internal systems due to LEMP. Lightning protection must be evaluated in order to reduce lossesEach type of damage related to the structure to be protected, alone or in combination with others, can produce different losses. The type of leak that can occur depends on the characteristics of the structure itself. The CEI EN 62305 Standard considers the following types of loss that can occur due to damage to the structure: L1: loss of human life (including permanent damage); L2: loss of public service (supplies of gas, water, TV, TLC and electricity);L3: loss of irreplaceable cultural heritage;L4: economic loss (structure, its contents and loss of activity).The need for lightning protection of a structure must be assessed in order to reduce losses of L1 values, L2 and L3. In order to evaluate whether protection is necessary or not, the risk analysis must be carried out in accordance with the procedure indicated in CEI EN 62305-2. The following risks must be considered, corresponding to the types of loss: R1: loss of human life or permanent damage; R2: loss of public service; R3: loss of irreplaceable cultural heritage; R4: economic loss: should be assessed when protection against lightning is economically motivated. Protection against lightning is therefore necessary if the risk R (from R1 to R3) is higher than the tolerable risk level RT. In this case, protection measures must be adopted in order to reduce the risk R (from R1 to R3) below the tolerable risk value RT. In addition to the need for lightning protection of a structure, it may be useful to evaluate the benefits economic deriving from the adoption of protection measures aimed at reducing economic losses. In this case, the value of the risk of economic loss R4 must be defined. The definition of R4 allows to evaluate the cost of the economic loss with and without the protection measures adopted. Lightning protection is cost-effective if the sum of the CRL cost of the residual loss in the presence of the protection measures and the CPM cost of the protection measures protection is lower than the CL cost of the total loss in the absence of protection measures. To reduce the risk depending on the type of damage, protection measures can be adopted to: reduce damage to living beings due to electrocution; reduce material damage; reduce faults in electrical and electronic systems. These measures can be used individually or in combination and constitute the complete protection system. Thanks to the Surge Limiters Group – ANIE CSI

sanitary facility

Hygienic-sanitary systemThe sanitary-sanitary system is a system of pipes which, connected to the aqueduct, essentially performs two functions: the distribution of food and sanitary water ("drinking water") in the various rooms of the home, and the disposal of waste water ("black water" such as organic residues, soapy, etc. or "clear water", such as rainwater). A water-sanitary system (also called hydraulic or hydraulic) has the function of carrying and distributing cold and/or hot water to the users and to remove it once used. It is equipped with water treatment equipment, water supply and distribution networks complete with the relevant accessories (meters, joints, etc.), water pressure boosting units, domestic hot water producers, dispensing devices, water discharge.Currently the most used materials for the construction of hydraulic systems are copper or multilayer for drinking water and PVC for black or white water.FURTHER INFORMATION1How is the conformity of the installation of a sanitary system certified?2What are the responsibilities of the installer and which are those of the client of the works?3How is the installation of a sanitary system carried out?4What precautions should be taken to preserve a sanitary system?All water systems are equipped with a main tap which is connected to the water meter, a device that allows the measurement of water consumption and which serves to completely close the installed system. This closure is necessary when: you are absent from the home for long periods of time; you carry out maintenance on the water system. These measures have two main purposes: to avoid breakage of the pipes due to the cold, to avoid water leaks and consequent flooding , in the event of faults in the system. It should also be noted that the plumbing system can be excluded even partially (e.g. only in one part of the house) thanks to the so-called "shut-off tap" which is part of the system itself.

Cleaning the systems is essential to avoid loss of performance and breakdowns

Dr. Mauri, can you explain to us why water purification in heating systems is important? «Cleaning the system is of fundamental importance in heating systems for a whole series of reasons. First of all, the presence of suspended particulates and electrolytic corrosion residues, caused by the presence in the circuit of metals with different electrochemical potential, can cause blockages in the exchangers, especially in condensing boilers where, to achieve high performance, the passages have been significantly reduced of water. In extreme cases, clogging can also occur along the pipes, for example in conjunction with elbows or in points where the system is reduced in diameter. Another problem is undoubtedly linked to the presence of limestone which, at the normal operating temperatures of heating systems, precipitates on the pipes, encrusting them, blocking the passages and above all thermally insulating the system. Imagine a system designed to exchange heat with the outside which finds itself having a film of limestone insulation preventing the flow of heat! A further problem that has only recently emerged is the presence of algae and bacterial flora in systems that work at low temperatures, for example floor systems, where the temperatures involved are in the range between 35-45°C. The presence of these contaminants can cause a reduction in flow or even blockage of part of the pipes, causing "cold" areas. These are the main reasons why treated water is of fundamental importance in a heating system". How often should the system be cleaned? "Obviously this depends on both the type of treatment performed and the type of products used. A system must be cleaned correctly, respecting the concentrations of the products to be used, the execution times and temperatures. Furthermore, after adequate rinsing it must be protected with specific products which can prevent future phenomena such as electrolytic corrosion, algae inflorescence or limescale precipitation. A system treated in this way can operate safely for up to 10 years, with minimal control of the operating conditions and the concentration of the protective agent inserted". What are the substances, in particular, that should not be present in the system circuit and in How can they be harmful? «As mentioned previously, solid particulates, limestone, electrolytic corrosion residues, usually iron and aluminum oxides, algae and bacterial flora, limited to circuits that work at low temperatures, are all real sources of problems of a certain severity. All these substances can restrict passages or even block pipes. Limestone in particular is also a thermal insulator and therefore reduces the efficiency of the boiler. Electrolytic corrosion, which leaves behind the residues we have just mentioned, can cause the complete perforation of a pipeline or a heat exchanger". What technologies do you use to eliminate these substances? "FERNOX has developed specific products for both cleaning and protecting the system. In particular as regards cleaning, Cleaner F3 and Cleaner F5 are extremely effective products for bringing all the sludge present in pipes, boilers and pumps into suspension. These products are totally neutral, the pH is between 7.5 and 7.8, they have no interaction with the materials that make up the system and do not cause overdose problems. For protection, the F1 protectant is a very high technology product whose function is to prevent further electrolytic corrosion and limescale encrustations in the future. This will avoid the breakdown of pumps and exchangers and the formation of hydrogen, which is formed as a by-product of corrosion. The protectant is also neutral, with a pH between 7.2 and 7.6, it is totally compatible with all materials and, as with cleaners, it has no overdose problems. For protection from algae and bacterial flora, FERNOX has formulated an excellent biocide, AF-10 (which can easily be used in combination with the protective F1 as it is totally compatible). If the system also works at low temperatures there is the possibility of using the ALPHI-11, replacing the F1. It is a protectant that contains the correct concentration of MPG (mono propylene glycol), a non-toxic glycol approved by KIWA-ATA. It is totally compatible with all implant materials and can be easily used in combination with the AF-10. FERNOX has also created many other products to be used for specific problems such as the F4 leak sealer or the F2 noise reducer. What is of capital importance to add is that FERNOX has designed and manufactured the true TF-1 total filter. A hydrocyclonic-magnetic filter, one of a kind and patented in Great Britain. This absolutely inimitable filter has the task of ensuring that system protection becomes TOTAL system protection. The hydrocyclonic flow for sludge separation combined with a powerful Neodymium magnet guarantees the filtration of all suspended materials, whether magnetic or non-magnetic, up to a size of 1 micron. The TF-1 TOTAL FILTER also exists in a compact version, which will be available by December 2012, which is adaptable to those systems in which space is extremely limited".What could be the consequences if products like yours are not used in the system ?«There are multiple levels of consequences. The first of all is the loss of efficiency of the system which translates into a higher cost of fuel by the user, perhaps without the latter realizing it. A more serious consequence is certainly the blockage of the boiler due to breakage of the exchanger or a pump. This is because the intervention to replace the parts certainly causes a considerable economic effort, not to mention the inconvenience of a similar event in the winter months. Finally, perhaps the most serious consequence is the breakage of a pipe in the wall or floor which, in addition to the inconveniences described previously, causes an intervention at a structural level". What suggestions would you give to designers and installers (but also to end users) for extend the life of a system? «I would certainly suggest that designers include the cleaning and protection of the systems as mandatory in their specifications and link the length or extension of the warranty to the protection of the system. Protection which, among other things, is also provided for by law and precisely by Presidential Decree 59 of 2009. I would suggest that installers and maintenance workers always carry out cleaning and protection, asking them to explain to the end user the benefits they will gain, in a short time, in terms of energy savings and fewer faults and malfunctions of the boiler. To the end user, who is the one who ultimately bears the cost of this operation, I can only confirm what was said previously. Cleaning and protecting the system are not a cost but an investment for the future."

VADEMECUM GAS SYSTEMS FOR DOMESTIC USE N. 1 | UNI 7129

The UNI 7129:1:2015 standard - Gas systems for domestic and similar use powered by the distribution network - Design, installation and commissioning - Part 1: Internal system, applies to domestic and similar systems for the use of gas fuels belonging to the I, II and III family referred to in UNI EN 437 and powered by the distribution network referred to in UNI 9165 and UNI 10682. The standard establishes the criteria for the construction and renovation of internal systems or part of them, served to user appliances having a single maximum nominal heat input not greater than 35 kW. Sizing of the internal system For the sizing of the internal system, please refer to Appendix A. In the presence of a project, it is permitted to use different sizing procedures as long as a result is guaranteed equivalent, in terms of functionality and safety. The sections of the pipes must be such as to guarantee a sufficient gas supply to cover the maximum request by limiting the pressure loss (static pressure measured in dynamic conditions, i.e. during the operation of the appliances at nominal power maximum) between the meter and any user device at values no greater than:- 0.5 mbar for gases of the 1st family (manufactured gas);- 1.0 mbar for gases of the 2nd family (natural gas);- 2 .0 mbar for gases of the 3rd family (LPG). If a pressure regulator is installed upstream of the meter, pressure losses double those reported above are allowed. Pipes The pipes that constitute the fixed part of the systems can be of: . STEELob. RAMEc. POLYETHYLENE Ed. METAL-PLASTIC MULTILAYER. STAINLESS STEEL CORRUGATED PLT-CSSTPLT-CSST formable corrugated pipes in stainless steelThe semi-rigid corrugated steel pipes must comply with UNI EN 15266. The pipes for the PLT-CSST system must be equipped with a suitable protective coating (figure 2); this coating must be made of material compliant with UNI EN 15266. The sections of pipe, in which the coating has been removed to create a joint, and the fitting itself used for this purpose must be covered with a "protective tape" supplied or declared suitable by the manufacturer of the system. The installation of the protective tape must be carried out as indicated in the procedures reported in the instruction and warning booklet supplied by the system manufacturer. Nominal size DNDN10 DN12 DN15 DN20 DN25 DN32 DN40 DN50 Thickness s (minimum values) [mm ]0.18 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.30 Internal diameter D3 (minimum values) [mm]9.8 11.8 14.7 19.6 24.5 31 ,4 39.2 49.0a) The internal diameter of the pipe must be at least 98% of its nominal dimension in millimetres. Installation in a duct outside the building. In the case of multilayer metal-plastic pipes, the laying of the pipes is permitted of the gas in the duct on the external perimeter wall of the building, provided that they are always adequately protected along their entire external path from the action of UV rays (for example closed duct or grilled duct plus sheath, figures 3b and 3c) and from mechanical damage ( with particular attention to areas subject to transit or maneuver of vehicles), where necessary. The channel must be made of materials resistant to atmospheric agents. The closing surface, even if grilled, must be removable to allow inspections and maintenance, if necessary.1 Grilled channel2 Grilled cover3 Fitting4 Multilayer gas pipe5 SheathIndexSource:UNI 7129-1:2015 Gas systems for domestic and similar use powered from the distribution network - Design, installation and commissioning - Part 1: Internal systemCertifico Srl - IT Rev. 00 2017
GAS SYSTEMS FOR CIVIL USE The gas system for civil use is made up of the pipes that connect the meter (supplied by the utility company) to the various gas equipment inside the home. The system is completed by safety valves and special pieces, all compliant with the law. Usually, in civil systems the power required does not exceed 35 kW, as the devices installed are intended only for heating, cooking and/or the production of domestic hot water. The issuing of the Declaration of Conformity of the system is mandatory. http://www.vigilfuoco.it/allegati/biblioteca/sicuro-gas.pdf
Monday 21 January 2019, 7.13pm GAS OR ELECTRIC WATER HEATER: TIPS FOR CHOOSING WELL Although it may seem like an obsolete appliance, in reality the water heater continues to be widespread on the market, thanks also to the presence of a notable choice of models. There are substantial differences between gas and electric water heaters in terms of operation, prices and consumption. The current mentality leads one to think that the classic boiler must necessarily be replaced by boilers and other systems, but the reality is very different. It is good to keep in mind that the modern water heater has nothing to do with those of 30 years ago. The electric water heater The electric water heater works thanks to a classic and traditional system which is very widespread and well-known and is called the Joule effect. Its principle is simple and intuitive: a container, called a tank, contains the water which is heated by a resistance, brought and maintained at a temperature within a certain range. Within this range, usually above 35 degrees, when the water heater is activated the water heats up to the set temperature. An example based on hypothetical data can aid understanding. If a temperature range between 35°C and 60°C is assumed, the water can remain at a constant temperature of 35°C. As soon as it is activated, the boiler brings the water to 50°C. To keep the water at 35°C, the electric water heater will have to turn on often as the temperature tends to drop. This is to prevent the thermal difference between the actual temperature of the water in the tank and that required at the tap (set by the boiler thermostat) from increasing. The tank capacity varies from 10 to 80 litres. It is easy to understand that the greater the liter, the more the water heater consumes in terms of energy, as it takes longer to heat the quantity of water. Advantages and disadvantages of the electric water heater An electric water heater certainly has advantages, but also disadvantages, identified above all in consumption. Here are the pros and cons. - Pro: the main advantage concerns the low price of the boiler, which also includes a rather simple installation. In fact, it is sufficient to connect the water pipe and the power cable to complete the connections and make the electric water heater ready for use. - Cons: in contrast, there is a limited availability of hot water, which mainly depends on the size of the tank. To avoid cooling the water it is necessary to activate the boiler often, however increasing consumption. Although a latest generation electric water heater has particular technologies that predispose the appliance towards reducing energy consumption, the evaluation cannot however ignore the cost of electricity. This cost is precisely higher than that of many other alternative sources. If the water heater were to empty, not only is it necessary to wait for the time for it to fill up, but also for the time needed to allow the system to heat the water again. The gas water heater The gas water heater is an alternative solution to the previous one, which involves the use of gaseous fuels such as LPG or methane. However, there are two types of gas boilers. The first is defined as instantaneous gas and the second as accumulation. - Instantaneous gas water heater. The first type consists of a device that requires reduced energy consumption: just open the hot water tap to start a spark which, via a small flame, starts combustion, for the time necessary to use the water. This type of water heater can be installed both internally and externally, depending on the characteristics of the model. Watertight and forced draft for internal positioning, while natural draft with open chamber for external positioning. - Storage gas water heater. The second type instead involves the presence of a tank which is filled with water, kept at a constant temperature which is established and set. It is the real alternative to the electric water heater, precisely due to the presence of the storage tank. Unlike the current model, it is the energy source that is used that varies. Whether it is LPG, methane or propane, the expense will certainly be lower than that required for electricity. Furthermore, the tank can reach up to 200 litres, guaranteeing excellent operation even in the event of high water needs (for example larger families). A gas water heater with heat pump This device deserves a separate paragraph because it represents the last frontier of gas water heaters. In fact, being an innovative model, it guarantees reduced consumption and notable energy savings, proving to be an efficient and inexpensive solution for generating hot water. The operation is also totally different compared to the proposals taken into consideration so far. The presence of the heat pump contemplates a closed circuit within which a fluid passes which, based on the set temperature and pressure variables, can become steam. The heat pump has the ability to take heat from the outside (for example from the ground or the environment) and bring it inside, introducing it into the heating system. The energy spent on the operation is reduced compared to other systems, benefiting the environment and the bill. A solution that adopts a gas water heater with heat pump can reduce costs by up to 60% compared to an electric boiler. Advantages and disadvantages of the gas water heater The presence of advantages and disadvantages of the gas water heater is more easily identifiable given that objectively this type has some more advantages compared to electric models. Pros and cons vary depending on the model and technology chosen, but it can be summarized as follows. - Pro: an in-depth analysis of the costs for an instantaneous gas water heater is certainly a key aspect, capable of making the purchase decision. In fact, the cost of hot water is lower as the system is activated only on request and does not remain in continuous operation like the electric boiler. A much appreciated advantage is the continuous availability of hot water, without depending on small tanks. The situation changes slightly for gas storage water heaters, whose tank still represents a limitation, albeit to a lesser extent than an electric water heater. The energy savings of a gas water heater are notable, especially if equipped with a heat pump, even if the cost of this solution, at the time of purchase, is slightly higher, but at the same time more easily depreciable. - Cons: in models with the tank (accumulation) there is certainly a constraint. the presence of the heat pump generates great savings, but at the same time requires a greater outlay in the price list than the traditional solution without the pump. How to choose between an electric or gas water heater The choice between an electric or gas water heater depends on the needs of the user: number of people in the family, spending budget, type of system, presence of alternative energy sources nearby, space available for the installation. Considering boilers equipped with a tank, an average small size is the 50-litre one, especially useful in small rooms and with only one person. Even for a family of three members it is advisable to at least stay on a water heater with an 80 liter tank. In the case of large families or in any case those that require significant use of water, by choosing an open tank water heater with a tank of at least 120-150 liters you can be sure of not running into a hot water reserve. Price is another variable that influences the choice. Knowing your spending limit is important because on the basis of this it is possible to orient the evaluation on one model rather than another, more than anything in terms of system and operating technology. An electric water heater can be found on sale starting from less than 200 euros, while a gas one can reach and even exceed 1,200 euros. The gap is therefore wide. For those who do not have a system or live in a condominium with a central heating system, having a water heater represents an interesting solution given that it offers management autonomy. Conclusion From an objective point of view, the choice between electric water heater and gas water heater should reward the second hypothesis. Gas is a relatively cheap source of energy, certainly more so than electricity. Furthermore, the operating principle of the gaseous system is also more advantageous from the point of view of energy saving, especially if you prefer a water heater equipped with a heat pump. One might then wonder why electric water heaters still exist. First of all, their purchase cost is relatively low, but the real reason for existing is to be found especially in their use. A small apartment with little water consumption, a second home, a bathroom without a gas system already built, can make the choice lean towards the current solution, even if from the point of view of energy saving they are certainly not the best solution. Before choosing, it is advisable to evaluate your actual hot water needs, the spaces present inside the bathroom, the budget available for the purchase and the type of system. Only following this evaluation is it possible to make a logical, sensible and rational in every respect.
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